Principles of Nonwovens

Chapter 1: Fibers for Nonwovens

Fiber Classifications and Definitions
by Wayne Lochmaier, Eastman Chemical Company

The Cotton Fiber Process and Fiber Characteristics
by H. Charles Allen, Jr., Cotton Incorporated

The Rayon Fibre Process and Fibre Characteristics
by Courtaulds Research U.K.

The Polyester Fiber Process and Fiber Characteristics
by Sandra S. Arulf, Fiber Industries (Wellman, Inc.)

Bicomponent Fibers
by David J. Morgan, Hoechst Celanese Corporation

Direct Process Nonwovens: Forming Webs During Fiber Spinning
by John F. Reed, 3M Company

Developments in Peek Fibers - Opportunities in High Tech Applications
by Bruce McIntosh, ICI Fibres

Superabsorbent Fibers
by Theodore F. Cooke, TRI/Princeton

Differentiating Superabsorbent Fibers
by Paul J. Akers, Courtaulds Fibres & Allied Colloids Ltd.

New Developments in Bicomponent Fibers
by Barrie L. Davies, Hoechst Celanese Corporation

Bicomponent Fibers Worldwide
by Randall E. Bouchillon, Hoechst Celanese Corporation

A New Viscose Rayon Fibre for Nonwovens
by Dr. Andrew G. Wilkes, Courtaulds Research

Utilization of Glass Fibers in Nonwoven Fabrics
by R.E. Brandon, R.S. Dale, K.A. Householder, Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation

Fiber Classifications and Definitions
by Wayne Lochmaier, Eastman Chemical Company

Chapter 2: Nonfibrous Materials

Fiber Spin Finish Technology
by Mark Powers, ICI Americas

Acrylics and Acrylic Copolymer Materials
by Benjamin Jubilee, National Starch & Chemical Company

Styrene Butadiene Latex Polymers for Nonwovens Applications
by Martin M. Williams and Ken R. Rose, Unocal Polymers

Vinyl Copolymer Materials
by Bernard M. Koltisko, Air Products & Chemicals, Inc.

Processing Aids for Resin Bonded Nonwoven Webs
by Michele F. Mlynar and Edward J. Sweeney, Rohm and Haas Company

Product Enhancers
by John E. Riedel, 3M Company

Low Formaldehyde Nonwoven Binders
by Ronald Pangrazi, National Starch & Chemical Company

Nonwoven Applications for Polyvinyl Alcohol
by Joel E. Goldstein and Bernard M. Koltisko, Air Products & Chemicals, Inc.

New Fluorochemicals for Protective Clothing
by Del R. Thompson, John C. Clark and Davis H. Crater, 3M Company

A New Class of Fire Retarding Latexes for Nonwovens
by A.F. Blam and R.A. Poletti, The B.F. Goodrich Company

The Effect of Various Silicone Finishes on the Tactile & Physical Properties of Nonwoven Substrates
by A.J. Sabia and G.A. Policello, Union Carbide Corporation

Rheology Modification of Coatings for Converting Nonwoven Fabrics
by Charles E. Cluthe and William E. deVry, Rohm and Haas Company

Design of Acrylic Resin Binders for Medical Nonwoven Applications
by R.A. Gill, J.J. Latimer and B.J. Schultz, Rohm and Haas Company

Chapter 3: Characterization

Computer Aided Design of Nonwoven Fabrics
by Frank K. Ko and Christopher M. Pastore, Fibrous Materials Research Center, Drexel University

A Monte Carlo Simulation to Predict Tensile Properties of Nonwoven Fabrics
by B.J. Hostetter and R.J. Fezza, Hercules Incorporate

A Novel Method to Determine the Binder Level in Nonwoven Webs
by Lee-Pei H. Chou, Bruce Andrews and Ricky Brewer, Elk Corporation

Rationale and Design of Environmentally Degradable Nonwovens
by Ramani Narayan, Michigan Biotechnology Institute & Michigan State University

Melt Blown Microfiber Characterization
by Hassan Bodaghi, Biosciences Laboratory, 3M Company

Mechanical and Structural Properties of Melt-Blown Fibers
by Gregory Straeffer and B.C. Goswami, Clemson University

Neither Woven Nor Knit: A New System for Classifying Textiles
by S.K. Batra, S.P. Hersh, R.S. Barker, D.R. Buchaan, B.S. Gupta, T.W. George and M.H. Mohamed, North Carolina State University, NCRC

Melt Blown Processing and Characterization of Fluoropolymer Resins
by Larry C. Wadsworth, TANDEC, The University of Tennessee and Joseph P. Fagan, Ausimont USA, Inc.

Chapter 4: Web Formation

Nonwoven Web Forming - Fiber Overview
by John E. Riedel, 3M Company

Dry Lay Web Forming
by David L. Nelson, 3M Company

Fiber to Web Process - Wet Lay
by Peter J. Angelini, International Paper

Resin to Web Process - Spunbond
by Ronald L. Smorada, Reemay, Inc.

Resin to Web Process - Meltblown
by Milo Johnston, James River Corporation (Fiberweb North America)

Nonwoven Web Forming - Fiber Overview
by John E. Riedel, 3M Company

Chapter 5: Web Bonding

Spunlace Processes Worldwide
by Peter N. Britton, Johnson & Johnson Corporation

Chemical Non-Woven Web Bonding
by Richard H. Johnson, 3M Company

Methods, Materials and Products of Thermal Bonding
by Randall J. Rogers, Veratec, Inc.

Innovative Adhesive Application Systems: From Simplicity to Complexity
by Scott A. Mercer, ITW Dynatec

Effect of Production Variables on Properties of Ultrasonically Bonded Nonwovens
by Hassan M. Behery, Clemson University and Jon P. Rust, North Carolina State University

Foaming Equipment for Nonwovens
by David E. Stark and George F. Suhr, Reichhold Chemicals, Inc.

Needlepunching: Past, Present and Future
by John H. Foster, Foster Needle Company

Chapter 6: Web Enhancement

Chemical Treatments for Comfortable Barrier Fabrics
by Walter E. Shortmann, Veratec, Inc.

Extrusion Coating and Lamination of Nonwovens
by Thomas R. Ryle, Clopay Corporation

Dyeing of Nonwovens
by J.K. Vandermaas, Hoechst Celanese Corporation and J.R. Aspland, Clemson University

Double-Sided Printing, Finishing and Coating with the Screen-to-Screen Technology
by H. Van Ettekoven and J. Wind, Stork Brabant, n.v.

Electrostatic and Mechanical Fiber Coating
by Arnold Kaija, Microfibres

Mechanical Finishing
by Grace Mathews, Consultant

Compressive Treatment Technology
by William C. Goodchild, Micrex Corporation

Chapter 7: Evaluation Methods

Evaluation of Nonwoven Fabrics with the KES Testing Equipment
by Frank Scardino, Philadelphia College of Textiles and Sciences

Visualizing Structure in Nonwovens
by Linda J. McMeekin, Chicopee research (Johnson & Johnson Worldwide Absorbent Products & Materials-Research Division

The Application of Image Analysis within the Nonwovens Industry
by Keith Humphrey and Graham Moore, PIRA Paper and Board Research Group

Structure and Properties of Carded Glass Composites
by Frank K. Ko, Mary P. Williams, Christopher Pastore and James Carey, Drexel University

The Balance of Strength and Softness in Saturation-Bonded Polyester Nonwovens Used for Interlinings
by David G. Kelly, Rohm and Haas Company

Chapter 8: Converting Processes

Converting Process Overview & Slitting Processes
by John E. Riedel, 3M Company

Personal Hygiene and Consumer Products
by Mark J. Calliari, Paper Converting Machine Company

Challenges and Opportunities for Designing and Manufacturing Molded and Needled Automotive Products
by James Aimone, Clark-Cutler, McDermott Company, Inc.

Converting Processes for Protective Apparel/Devices
by Jeffrey O. Stull, Consultant

Converting and Product Development Considerations for Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Coated Products
by William L. Hansen, 3M Medical Division

Appendix